Using Python and Machine Learning to Detect Exoplanets in Real-Time with Augmented Reality

The code imports several libraries including NumPy, OpenCV, and pandas, and adds a patch from Google Colab to allow the use of cv2_imshow to display video frames.

Next, the code creates a sample dataset for transit photometry, which is a method for detecting exoplanets by measuring the slight dimming of a star’s light when an exoplanet passes in front of it. The sample dataset consists of three data points, each containing an identifier, a list of two values, and a probability value. The list of two values represents the pixel coordinates of the center of an AR marker in a video frame, and the probability value represents the predicted probability that an exoplanet exists around the celestial object represented by the AR marker.

The code then trains a machine learning model, specifically a Random Forest Regressor, on the sample dataset using the pixel coordinates as the input features and the probability values as the target values.

The code then sets up a video capture using OpenCV and enters a loop to continuously capture and process video frames. In each iteration of the loop, the code first captures a video frame and converts it to grayscale. It then uses the OpenCV Aruco module to detect AR markers in the frame.

For each detected marker, the code calculates the marker’s center by taking the mean of its corner coordinates and predicts the exoplanet probability for the marker using the trained machine learning model. The code then visualizes the marker data in real-time using AR by drawing the marker outline, marker center, and displaying the marker ID and exoplanet probability on the video frame.

Finally, the code displays the video frame and waits for the user to press the ‘q’ key to exit the loop and close the video capture and window.

# Import libraries
import numpy as np
import cv2
import pandas as pd
from sklearn.ensemble import RandomForestRegressor
from google.colab.patches import cv2_imshow  # <-- Add this line

# Create sample transit photometry data
data = [
    (1, [100, 100], 0.9),
    (2, [200, 200], 0.5),
    (3, [300, 300], 0.1),
]

X = [item[1] for item in data]
y = [item[2] for item in data]

# Train machine learning model on sample data
model = RandomForestRegressor()
model.fit(X, y)

# Set up video capture
capture = cv2.VideoCapture(0)

while True:
    # Capture video frame
    ret, frame = capture.read()

    # Check if video capture is open and frame was captured successfully
    if capture.isOpened() and ret:
        # Convert frame to grayscale
        gray = cv2.cvtColor(frame, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)

        # Detect AR markers in frame
        marker_corners, marker_ids, _ = cv2.aruco.detectMarkers(gray, cv2.aruco.Dictionary_get(cv2.aruco.DICT_6X6_250))

        # Loop over detected markers
        for marker_id, marker_corner in zip(marker_ids, marker_corners):
            # Extract marker data
            marker_center = np.mean(marker_corner, axis=0).astype(int)

            # Predict exoplanet probability for marker using machine learning model
            marker_probability = model.predict([marker_center])[0]

            # Visualize marker data in real-time using AR
            # Draw marker outline
            cv2.drawContours(frame, [marker_corner], -1, (0, 255, 0), 2)

            # Draw marker center
            cv2.circle(frame, tuple(marker_center), 5, (0, 0, 255), -1)

            # Display marker ID and exoplanet probability
            text = "ID: {}\nProbability: {:.2f}".format(marker_id, marker_probability)
            cv2.putText(frame, text, tuple(marker_center), cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX, 0.5, (255, 255, 255), 2)
if a is not None:
    # Code that calls the clip() method on a
    a = a.clip(0, 255).astype('uint8')
    # Other code that uses a

    # Show video frame
    cv2_imshow(frame)  # <-- Replace cv2.imshow() with cv2_imshow()

    # Break loop if user presses 'q' key
    if cv2.waitKey(1) & 0xFF == ord('q'):
        break

# Release video capture and close window
capture.release()
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

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